"[317] In a similar floor speech the same day, Nelson said, "I am convinced [that the agreement] will stop Iran from developing a nuclear weapon for at least the next 10 to 15 years. This resolution did not pass. [109], Ankit Panda of The Diplomat has said that this will make impossible any scenario where Iran is noncompliant with the JCPOA yet escapes reimposition of sanctions. "The . [263] The Orthodox Union and American Jewish Committee also announced opposition to the agreement. Russia's foreign minister confirmed that Iran was abiding by the deal. Brings new meaning to the phrase Sunday Funday. [29] This was followed by the Paris Agreement in November 2004, in which Iran agreed to temporarily suspend enrichment and conversion activities, "including the manufacture, installation, testing, and operation of centrifuges, and committed to working with the EU-3 to find a mutually beneficial long-term diplomatic solution". Home. The negotiations toward a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action were extended several times until the final agreement, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, was finally reached on 14 July 2015. [355], Conversely, "the most militantly authoritarian, conservative, and anti-Western leaders and groups within Iran oppose the deal. [412], One year after the United States withdrew from the JCPOA and reimposed several unilateral sanctions on Iran, Iran took countermeasures. Visiting Iran in late March, Mora attempted to resolve remaining differences. Translation prepared by Parsa Albeheshti. [464][465], On 15 December 2022, it was announced the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) would send a delegation to Tehran on 18 December 2022 to clarify outstanding issues with regard to nuclear material discovered at three sites. withdrawal. [51], A July 2015 Congressional Research Service report said, "statements from the U.S. intelligence community indicate that Iran has the technological and industrial capacity to produce nuclear weapons at some point, but the U.S. government assesses that Tehran has not mastered all of the necessary technologies for building a nuclear weapon. The U.S. and its allies had favored such an approach since January 2023. [citation needed] On 5 November 2019, Iranian nuclear chief Ali Akbar Salehi announced that Iran will enrich uranium to 5% at the Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant, adding that it had the capability to enrich uranium to 20% if needed. [181] Congress could defeat the deal only if it mustered the two-thirds of both houses needed to override an expected veto by Obama of any resolution of disapproval. The U.S. also concluded that if an agreement was negotiated, more American citizens held in Iran could be released and additional assets unfrozen. Samantha Power, U.S. He asserted his strictly non-political role and stressed that an alternative to the 2015 nuclear deal might be another way forward. [441] On 24 April 2022, after a phone call with Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, Biden decided to keep the IRGC on the U.S. terror blacklist, with the backing of a bipartisan majority of U.S. "[355] Citing Iran's human rights situation and the "lack of religious and political freedom in the country", some dissidents opposed the agreement, including Ahmad Batebi, Nazanin Afshin-Jam, and Roozbeh Farahanipour, who signed an open letter arguing, "more pressure should be applied to the regime, not less. The plan states Plano has less than 5% of undeveloped land available. By Erick Pirayesh The plan is a long-term guide for the city that focuses on . (19 February 2021). For this reason, uranium enrichment is a dual-use technology, a technology that "can be used both for civilian and for military purposes". [240][241] Other signers included Lieutenant Generals Robert G. Gard Jr. and Claudia J. Kennedy; Vice Admiral Lee F. Gunn; Rear Admirals Garland Wright and Joseph Sestak; and Major General Paul D. [29], In the late 1980s Iran reinstated its nuclear program, with assistance from Pakistan (which entered into a bilateral agreement with Iran in 1992), China (which did the same in 1990), and Russia (which did the same in 1992 and 1995), and from the A.Q. [273] The committee's ranking Democratic member, Senator Benjamin Cardin of Maryland, said he had many questions and his hope was that the answers will cause a debate "in Congress and the American people". [204], New York Senator Chuck Schumer, a senior Democrat, made a different assessment of prospects for war by distinguishing between nuclear and non-nuclear aspects of the agreement. [456][457] Nevertheless, hopes for an Iran deal faded, and the price of WTI crude increased by 2%. [222][224] In the first week of August J Street launched a $2 million, three-week ad campaign in support of the agreement, with TV ads in Colorado, Maryland, Michigan, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. 5:50 PM on Nov 2, 2021 CDT Updated at 11:06 AM on Nov 8, 2021 CST. [30] In May 2003 Iran allowed IAEA inspectors to visit the Kalaye Electric Company but refused to allow them to take samples. Neither the Iranian government, or the Iranian opposition, or the Iranian people would agree to what they would view as a total surrender of their sovereignty. Mandelbaum added that if Obama left office without Iran building the bomb, "the responsibility for conducting a policy of effective deterrence will fall on his successor. 4:10 PM Nov 2, 2021 CDT [29] Iran "began pursuing an indigenous nuclear fuel cycle capability by developing a uranium mining infrastructure and experimenting with uranium conversion and enrichment". [476][477] Later, he said he had no objection to a newly negotiated deal as long as Iran can keep its nuclear infrastructure. Looking at the guiding principles of this new document, it seems the city is doing its best to head off a repeat of the Plano Tomorrow saga. [53] The major provisions are:[53][68][69], As a result of the above, the "breakout time"the time in which it would be possible for Iran to make enough material for a single nuclear weaponwill increase from two to three months to one year, according to U.S. officials and U.S. [182], On 4 August 2015 three key and closely watched Senate DemocratsTim Kaine of Virginia (a Foreign Relations Committee member), Barbara Boxer of California (also a Foreign Relations Committee member), and Bill Nelson of Floridaannounced their support for the agreement. Trump described the deal as "one of the worst and most one-sided transactions the United States has ever entered into". [260] In a separate letter released on 27 August, 11 Democratic Jewish former members of Congress urged support for the agreement; the letter noted the signatories' pro-Israel credentials and said the agreement "halts the immediate threat of a nuclear-armed Iran" while rejecting it would "put Iran back on the path to develop a nuclear weapon within two to three months". [204][219][220][221] In August 2015, it was reported that AIPAC and Citizens for a Nuclear Free Iran planned to spend between $20 million and $40 million on its campaign. By signing up you agree to ourTerms of ServiceandPrivacy Policy. [478], In early June 2023, European powers resumed internal talks about Iran's nuclear capabilities. In a letter[388] addressed to Representative Jerrold Nadler, Democrat of New York, President Obama raised the issue about U.S. ability to deter Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons: The JCPOA, moreover, does not remove any of our options when it comes to preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon. On August 5, 2020, the City Council adopted an interim comprehensive plan based upon the comprehensive plan in place prior to adoption of Plano Tomorrow. These details were to be negotiated by the end of June 2015. [29] In late February International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors visited Natanz. [48], On 24 November 2013, after several rounds of negotiations, the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement on the Iranian nuclear program, was signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in Geneva, Switzerland. [355] Likewise, dissident journalist and former political prisoner Akbar Ganji expressed hope, "step-by-step nuclear accords, the lifting of economic sanctions and the improvement of the relations between Iran and Western powers will gradually remove the warlike and securitized environment from Iran. I arranged it. Earlier the IAEA detected uranium particles enriched up to 83.7% at the underground Fordo site. Instead of strengthening our position, as some have suggested, Congress' rejection would almost certainly result in multi-lateral sanctions unraveling," because "our closest allies in Europe or in Asia, much less China or Russia, certainly are not going to enforce existing sanctions for another five, 10, 15 years according to the dictates of the U.S. Congress because their willingness to support sanctions in the first place was based on Iran ending its pursuit of nuclear weapons. Interests and the Military Balance in the Middle East (Senate Armed Services Committee hearing)", "Opening Statement of Chairman John McCain (Armed Services Committee hearing)", "Opening Statement of U.S. [409], In May 2019, the IAEA certified that Iran was abiding by the deal's main terms, but questions were raised about how many advanced centrifuges Iran was allowed to have, as that was only loosely defined in the deal. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action [92] Hibbs and Shea wrote, "The IAEA has safeguards agreement with 180 countries. IAEA Director Yukiya Amano stated (in March 2018) that the organization has verified that Iran is implementing its nuclear-related commitments. Keep up to date with the Comprehensive Plan's progress! "[281], On 29 July Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter, General Martin Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Kerry, Moniz, and Lew appeared before the Senate Armed Services Committee in a three-hour hearing. After ditching a controversial plan that would have allowed for more density in the built-out suburb, Plano tries again to plot out its future. The Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015, Pub.L. [283] He assured the committee that the deal would not limit the U.S. ability to respond with military force if needed. "[369], On 20 September 2015, Director-General Yukiya Amano of the IAEA went to the Parchin missile production facility, along with Director of Safeguards Tero Varjoranta, to obtain clarifications on the nuclear activities of the site. The failure of the United States to join the agreement would have that effect. The Comprehensive Plan is a long-range plan guiding the future growth, priorities, services, development, and redevelopment of our city. [353] The BBC reported that the document appears to be aimed at constraining criticism of the JCPOA by Iranian hardliners. [234] This letter, dated 20 July 2015, stated: "We congratulate President Obama and all the negotiators for a landmark agreement unprecedented in its importance for preventing the acquisition of nuclear weapons by Iran. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) runs to 109 pages, including five annexes. law). But due to the election of a new president in Iran, the meetings were put on hold in June 2021. We are committed to bringing the best carriers and products the insurance industry has to offer. [334] In May 2015, before the final agreement was announced, 151 House Democrats signed in support for the broad outlines in the April framework agreement; none of those signatories have announced opposition to the final agreement. [354] On the same day, Ali Larijani, the speaker of the parliament, said that he supported the agreement and that: "The agreement needs to be discussed and needs to be approved by the Iranian parliament. [24][25][26] The amount of uranium or plutonium needed depends on the sophistication of the design, with a simple design requiring approximately 15kg of uranium or 6kg of plutonium, and a sophisticated design requiring as little as 9kg of uranium or 2kg of plutonium. [29] Iran signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in 1968 as a non-nuclear weapons state and ratified the NPT in 1970. [300], Republican leaders vowed to attempt to kill the agreement as soon as it was released, even before classified sections were made available to Congress, and "Republican lawmakers raced to send out news releases criticizing it. More Suburban Character. [293][294][295] "Republican lawmakers refer to these agreements as 'secret side deals' and claim that the JCPOA hinges on a set of agreements no one in the administration has actually seen. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; Persian: , romanized:barnmeye jme'e eqdme moshtarak (, BARJAM)),[4][5] commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security CouncilChina, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United Statesplus Germany)[a] together with the European Union. [60] As the negotiators neared a deal, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry directly asked Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif to confirm that he was "authorized to actually make a deal, not just by the [Iranian] president, but by the supreme leader? [150] On 27 April 2015, Kerry visited the official residence of the Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations to meet his counterpart. [364][365][366][367][368], On 18 October 2015 EU High Representative Mogherini and Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif jointly announced "Adoption Day" for the JCPOA, noting actions taken and planned by the EU, Iran, the IAEA, and the United States, and stating, "All sides remain strongly committed to ensuring that implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action can start as soon as possible. At that time, in 2030, most people involved in the 1979 revolution will no longer be politically active. "[204] In his speech, Obama also invoked a speech made by John F. Kennedy at American University in 1963 in favor of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. [252] The Washington Post reported on 12 issues related to the agreement over which the two sides disagreed at the hearing. [256], The Jewish American community was divided on the agreement. The plan goes into some detail on what it deems the appropriate housing mix for various specific neighborhoods. [358] During the session, Saeed Jalili, ex-chief negotiator has slammed the deal, stating "approximately 100 absolute rights" of Iran were conceded to the opposing side. Cruz said that under the agreement "the Obama administration will become the leading financier of terrorism against America in the world. Unless city officials are willing to let residents and buildersand tax dollars to pay for all the wide roads and suburban characterpass by Plano for new lagoon communities in Forney, the city needs to update the 1986 master plan for development that it is now following. [30], In March 2013 the United States began a series of secret bilateral talks with Iranian officials in Oman, led by William J. Burns and Jake Sullivan on the American side and Ali Asghar Khaji on the Iranian side. Dallas, Texas 75201. She suggested a "collective process" for keeping the deal. [333] Coons said: "They were clear and strong that we will not join you in re-imposing sanctions. Iran also agreed not to build any new heavy-water facilities for the same period of time. [327][328], By early September 2015, 34 senators had publicly confirmed support for the deal, a crucial threshold because it ensured that the Senate could sustain (i. e., uphold) any veto of a resolution of disapproval. Iran sought assurances from the EU that there will be no repetition of the unilateral U.S. withdrawal. [237], On 8 August 2015, 29 prominent U.S. scientists, mostly physicists, published an open letter endorsing the agreement. [30][45] Former officials alleged that, in order to advance the deal, the Obama administration shielded Hezbollah from the Drug Enforcement Administration's Project Cassandra investigation regarding drug smuggling and from the Central Intelligence Agency. It also says the city's population is likely to grow only about 15% higher than its current total of 287,000 residents. 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