Johnson MA, Cooperberg PL, Boisvert J, Stoller JL, Winrob H. Spontaneous splenic rupture in infectious mononucleosis, Idiopathic splenomegaly and return to playmens soccer. Other antibiotic classes have been implicated, but the penicillins are the most widely reported to produce this effect.13,14, Rash presenting with infectious mononucleosis.5, Splenomegaly in IM occurs as a result of lymphocytic infiltration enlarging the spleen beyond protection from the rib cage and creating an organ that is susceptible to rupture either spontaneously or traumatically.26,32 This infiltration may also alter splenic architecture, resulting in a more susceptible structure.32,43 The ability to determine the presence of splenomegaly by physical examination is unreliable, with 1 study showing as little as 17% of cases being identified on physical examination.1,12,43,45 Ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice.1,43 Linear measurements are used since measuring spleen volume is technically difficult. Some people may have symptoms for only two to six weeks. The feedback link Was this Article Helpful on this page can be used to report content that is not accurate, up-to-date or questionable in any manner. Its spread through saliva. 2014 May;6(3):232-8. Fruits & Veggies for Days Photo by Danielle Gervais Method 1 Knowing How to Decrease Chances of Contracting Mono 1 Avoid sharing items that come into contact with saliva. Doctors recommend drinking at least 12 to 16 cups of fluids (which should include water as well as broth, soup, herbal tea, and other soothing liquids), says Ramilo. mononucleosis, spleen imaging, splenomegaly, chronic fatigue, Evaluation of 12 commercial tests for detection of Epstein-Barr virus-specific and heterophile antibodies, Predictors of fatigue following the onset of infectious mononucleosis, Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in sera of patients with primary EBV infection. swollen lymph nodes (glands) in the neck. In a small number of patients such as those who get mono after an organ or bone marrow transplant, or those with genetic defects in their immune systems complications from the illness can be more serious and potentially fatal. But it's especially important for anyone who has mono or thinks they might not to drink. It cannot be cured and only its symptoms can be managed. Because you're having symptoms, see a doctor or visit student health right away. If you do have mono, your provider may suggest you avoid sports. Fiber acts as a prebiotic, so it helps feed beneficial bacteria in your gut. This may take up to 6 weeks after initial exposure. If you have penetrative sexual intercourse, use a condom to avoid transmission through semen. The acute phase of IM can resolve as quickly as 7 days, but usually takes between 2 and 3 weeks from the onset of symptoms.14,45 This is followed by a recovery period that may take up to 2 to 3 months.1,14,26 IM is typically self-limiting, but an acute EBV infection is a risk factor for chronic fatigue, with symptoms lasting in excess of 6 months.1,23, The diagnosis of IM can be made through history and physical examination as well as atypical laboratory findings (Table 1).1,20,33 The differential diagnosis includes group A streptococcal infection, influenza virus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, acute HIV infection, and many more bacterial and viral pathogens.1,43 Diagnostic criteria for IM (Hoagland criteria) include greater than 50% lymphocytes and at least 10% atypical lymphocytes with fever, pharyngitis, adenoapthy, and a positive serologic test.17 The presence of atypical lymphocytes has a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 92%.9 Other laboratory findings that could be suggestive of IM include transient neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver transaminases.27,45 Anemia is considered a feature of complicated IM and is indicative of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, splenic rupture, aplastic anemia, and even disseminated intravascular coagulation.24, Diagnostic tests for infectious mononucleosis, %13,18-21,44. The glands in the neck, underarm and groin area may also swell as the infection progresses. You should also avoid kissing anyone who has mono, since you could end up catching it from them. So, kissing others should be avoided if you have mono. Often, the signs of IM may be subtle, with the athlete presenting with nothing more than fatigue, lack of energy, or diminished performance. Treatment There's no specific therapy available to treat infectious mononucleosis. (And it may be a good idea to have someone backing you up at work for when you dont feel up to checking in.) When Can I Kiss After Mono? - Epainassist Although the symptoms of mono will eventually go away, the virus itself isnt curable. Supportive therapy is the mainstay of care, which includes adequate rest, hydration, and analgesics.14,20,33 Over-the-counter pain medication, such as anti-inflammatories, is generally sufficient to manage the myalgias and pharyngitis. Cleaning products with bleach can also kill bacteria and viruses on surfaces. Also, just because they are feeling better, this does not mean they are no longer contagious. The Epstein-Barr virus is the main causative virus of mono. Symptoms may include fatigue, an overall feeling of malaise, fever, puffy swollen eyes and sore throat. Niederman JC, Evans AS, Subrahamanyan L, McCollum RW. The main complication is the enlargement of the spleen. Augmentin is a prescription drug used for bacterial infections. However, having cold sores (another herpes variation known as HSV-1) as a kid doesnt mean that you have EBV. FOIA Its thought that the virus survives on an object for as long as the object stays moist. This may go without saying, but if your significant other or partner has contracted mono, avoid kissing them or other actions that involve the swapping of saliva. It may take an extra month or two after symptoms disappear to regain your typical energy and strength. This infectious disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus belonging to the herpes family. sore throat with swollen tonsils that may have white patches. So, blood transfusion and organ transplantation after the diagnosis of mono are avoided. Also read: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, Mono (Mononucleosis) Diagnosis and Treatment, 9 Tips for Safe Travel With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, 10 Self-Care Tips to Help You Manage Immune Thrombocytopenia. Infectious mononucleosis is commonly encountered in young athletes. This article may contains scientific references. Can You Get Mono Twice? If you need more information about your particular injury and options to treat it and recover quickly and safely, talk to me one-on-one! This fact accounts for the illness being commonly known as the kissing disease. Since transmission occurs through saliva, an athlete with infectious mononucleosis does not need to be isolated from other people. Often, its as simple as drinking liquids and getting plenty of rest so the body has time to destroy the virus on its own. This article on Epainassist.com has been reviewed by a medical professional, as well as checked for facts, to assure the readers the best possible accuracy. It does not interfere with the normal activities of affected people. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Its a contagious illness thats usually spread by the Epstein-Barr Mononucleosis is a viral infection, which means antibiotics and other drugs (for the most part) wont help. The risk of splenic injury and chronic fatigue make return-to-play decisions a challenge for the clinician caring for athletes with infectious mononucleosis. The site is secure. Avoid sports, physical activities, or exercise until your doctor tells you theyre safe. The spleen often enlarges beyond the rib cage, making it susceptible to rupture in contact and collision sports. Mono can be contracted at any time of the year and is not dependent on the climate or season. Counseling the athlete with IM remains a challenge. Dr. Marusinec is a board certified Pediatrician at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, where she is on the Clinical Practice Council. The infection is typically caused by the Epstein-Barr virus but may be caused by other related viruses. If your provider thinks you have mono, you may be asked to return in a few days for another blood test. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Mono is a common viral infection that leads to fatigue and tiredness. Some cases of mono are asymptomatic, meaning you may not exhibit any symptoms at all. This means that someone who has an asymptomatic EBV infection may unknowingly transmit the virus to others. Mono is caused by a virus. Probably not. Most people will get infected with EBV in their lifetime and will not have any symptoms. There are three stages of mono ( mononucleosis ): Prodrome stage, when symptoms start Acute stage, when you feel the worst Convalescent stage, when you begin to recover These begin after a period of incubation, in which mono is in your system, but there are no obvious signs of it yet. Mono is a very common virus and spreads predominantly through bodily fluids like saliva. Consumer's Guides: Understand Your Treatments, seven to nine hours of sleep per night that everyone should be getting, Everything You Need to Know About Mono Diagnosis and Treatment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, EU.1.1 Emerges as the Latest COVID-19 Subvariant. 1996-2023 Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. This could happen during a contact sport. 8600 Rockville Pike After the first week, Dr. Balfour recommends gradually becoming more active. This means that if youre having sex without a condom, the virus could be transmitted from one person to another. Why a Malaria Vaccine Isn't Available in the United States. But the situation differs for everyone depending on how you feel and what type of work you do (and the practicality of doing it remotely or not full-time). Find out what to expect and what the results mean. How Long Is Mononucleosis (Mono) Contagious? How is infectious mononucleosis treated? Hosey RG, Kriss V, Uhl TL, DiFiori J, Hecht S, Wen DY. One common test used to diagnose mono is called the Monospot test. The virus will go away on its own. The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) causes mononucleosis, also known as mono. Other features of IM may include posterior palatine petechiae, jaundice, exudative pharyngitis, rash, and splenomegaly.14,29,34, Posterior palatine petechiae occur in about one third of cases and are highly suggestive of IM.8 This feature distinguishes an acute EBV infection from other causative agents, such as acute herpes simplex virus infection, HIV infection, or streptococcal infection, that could be included in the differential diagnosis.47, Jaundice is rare, occurring in less than 10% to 15% of patients.27 However, approximately 90% of patients have mildly elevated liver enzymes facilitating in the diagnosis of IM.36, Exudative pharyngitis and concomitant tonsillar enlargement can cause obstruction of the airway, leading to devastating consequences.14,20 The exudation has been described as white, gray, or green and even necrotic in appearance. Its important that all, Yes, you can get a sexually transmitted disease (STD) from giving or getting a hand job. As for when to go back into the office, if someone feels up to going back to work, they should do so if they feel well enough. A person who has mono and drinks could end up with liver damage. Supportive care is the cornerstone, with little role for medications such as corticosteroids. Many people carry the virus in their bodies . Realistically, the best thing you can do to prevent mono itself is to avoid close contact with anyone whos sick. DOI: Ebell MH. 7 questions about infectious mononucleosis (mono) and return to sports Some researchers say mono can be transmitted for up to 3 months after your symptoms have cleared. Fatigue may last for several more weeks. Mono in older people - General Health - MedHelp People are exposed to this virus most commonly at their young age as teenagers. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. They should avoid kissing you and not share food, eating utensils, or drink . But Im the lead on this really big project coming up. Mononucleosis (mono) is a contagious infection caused by a herpes virus called Epstein-Barr. Episode 178: What can athletes, coaches and teams do to prevent skin infections? Dr. David Geier is an orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine specialist in Charleston, South Carolina and Charlotte, North Carolina. Since mono is most commonly spread through saliva, sharing things that commonly come into contact with mouths and saliva is a risky behavior, particularly when someone has beginning symptoms. Jen is a wellness contributor at Healthline. Ultrasound of the spleen is felt to be the best radiology study. Mono symptoms can last anywhere from a couple of weeks to a month, and (for teens and adults) resemble a severe cold or flu. There are a few things you can do to prevent contracting or transmitting the virus that causes mono. Engage in daily aerobic or weight bearing exercise. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Thats why many people have dubbed it the kissing disease.. Good sources of antioxidants include green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, blueberries and cherries.
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